Existing probabilistic retrieval models do not restrict the domain of the random variables that they deal with. In this article, we show that the upper bound of the normalized term frequency (
tf
) from the relevant documents is much smaller than the upper bound of the normalized
tf
from the whole collection. As a result, the existing models suffer from two major problems: (i) the domain mismatch causes data modeling error, (ii) since the outliers have very large magnitude and the retrieval models follow
tf
hypothesis, the combination of these two factors tends to overestimate the relevance score. In an attempt to address these problems, we propose novel weighted probabilistic models based on truncated distributions. We evaluate our models on a set of large document collections. Significant performance improvement over six existing probabilistic models is demonstrated.
